Strigiformes

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Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:
Author(s)
Mendenhall, V.M. and L.F. Pank
Pages
311-315
Year
Issue
4
Volume
8
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DIPHACINONE increased time to coagulation in blood sampled 3 days after treatment ended Not Reported Adult 3 owls Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:
Author(s)
Frank, Rosemary A. and R. Scott Lutz
Pages
331-339
Year
Volume
101
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DIELDRIN 0.01 +/- 0.003 ppm (uncontaminated site); 0.22 +/- 0.03 ppm (contaminated site) mean (+/- SE) concentrations in plasma Not Reported Juvenile 6 birds on contaminated sites; 10 birds on uncontaminated sites Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Cheney, Carl D., Stephen B. Vander Wall and Ruthe J. Poehlmann
Pages
103-110
Year
Issue
3
Volume
21
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
STRYCHNINE increased occurence (compared with pre-dose values) of uncoordinated movement, tremors, loss of perching ability and ability to stand on the ground Not Reported Adult 1 bird Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
STRYCHNINE increased occurence (compared with pre-dose values) of uncoordinated movement, tremors, loss of perching ability and ability to stand on the ground Not Reported Adult 1 bird Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
STRYCHNINE increased occurence of errors (compared with pre-test values) in a reversal learning test Not Reported Adult 1 bird Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:
Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J.
Pages
198-206
Year
Issue
4
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
STRYCHNINE, ZINC PHOSPHIDE review summaries of sublethal effects due to organochlorine, anticholinesterase, anticoagulant, strychnine pesticides Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Citation:
Author(s)
Seidensticker, John C. and Harry V. Reynolds
Pages
408-418
Year
Issue
4
Volume
83
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE no effect eggshell thickness compared to pre-1946 museum speciments Female Adult 3 eggs south-central Montana Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Springer, Mark A.
Pages
184-187
Year
Issue
4
Volume
80
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
AROCLOR 1254, DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, OXYCHLORDANE 5% decrease eggshell thickness index compared with reference eggs Female Adult 18 eggs, 15 clutches Butler, Delaware, Hamilton Counties Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
159 - 184
Year
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 1 estimated population density based on call counts bird/100 acres Not Reported Adult 7 counts San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Sumner, E. Lowell, Jr.
Pages
277-308
Year
Issue
4
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Growth Rate see figures figures showing weight increase and feather growth for 0-73 days of age Not Reported Nestling five owls collected in California Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:
Author(s)
Craighead, John J. and Frank C. Craighead, Jr.
Pages
443
Publisher
Dover Publications, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Foraging Distance 0.25 typical maximum distance between two roosting sites mi Both Male and Female Adult 11 home ranges Superior and Ann Arbor townships Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 1 bird/2000 acres Both Male and Female Not Reported 11 owls Superior township Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition white-footed mice (58.2%), meadow mice (28.0%), other small mammals (2.8%), medium sized mammals (5.1%), gamebirds and sm-med sized birds (4.8%), other birds (1.2%) percent occurrence of prey items in pellets Not Reported Not Reported 297 pellets from 14 owls Superior township Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Nesting Mar 12 - Jun 4 period from earliest egg laying date to date of latest brood departure Both Male and Female Adult 4 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Hatching or Parturition Apr 14 earliest hatching date Not Reported Nestling 4 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 1 density of nesting pairs pair/3 mi^2 Both Male and Female Adult 4 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 2.2 eggs/clutch Female Adult 4 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 11 percent of eggs that failed to hatch Not Reported Nestling 4 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2 number of fledglings produced per pair fledglings/pair Not Reported Fledgling 4 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Territory Size observed range of movement during nesting, based on observations of individual or pair movements mi^2 Not Reported Adult 4 birds Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Stewart, Paul A.
Pages
155-162
Year
Issue
2
Volume
81
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Survival/ Mortality 46% mean percent mortality within the first year of banding based on band return data, 1951-1962 Not Reported Juvenile 97 birds Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Citation:
Author(s)
Duke, G.E., J.G. Ciganek and O.A. Evanson
Pages
283-292
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 26.58 daily food intake on a mouse diet, dry weight basis g/kg/d Not Reported Adult 4 owls x 5 days = 20 owl days Exposure Factor Datasets 4.08 Laboratory
Food Ingestion Rate 26.37 daily food intake on a turkey poult diet, dry weight basis g/kg/d Not Reported Adult 26 owl days Exposure Factor Datasets 6.33 SD Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 1615 mean of averaged body weights (10-13 weighings/bird) g Not Reported Adult 4 birds Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:
Author(s)
Springer, Mark A.
Pages
218-221
Year
Issue
6
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Growth Rate 0.1900 growth constant based on logistic growth equation Female Nestling 1 owl Delaware County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
137-151
Year
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density density based on call counts birds/2000 ac Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 7 counts San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets Madera
Dietary Composition cottontail (61.1%), woodrat (17.9%), kangaroo rat (4.5%), pocket gopher (4.3%), gopher snake (3.7%), ground squirrel (2.4%), other spp (birds, reptiles, amphibians, invertebrates; 6.1%) percent occurrence by weight in pellets Not Reported Not Reported 654 pellets, 1471 prey items San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets Madera
Citation:
Author(s)
Mader, William J.
Pages
109-111
Year
Issue
3/4
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Time of Mating/ Laying February (peak), March (end) egg laying dates Female Adult 16 nests Pima and Pinal Counties Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Clutch or Litter Size 2.5 mean clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 16 nests Pima and Pinal Counties Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.1 rate of production of young at least 4 weeks old young/nest Not Reported Nestling 16 nests Pima and Pinal Counties Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Fledging or Weaning Rate 9/16 fraction of nests that sucessfully raised at least one nestling to the age of 4 weeks successful nests/total nests Both Male and Female Adult 16 nests Pima and Pinal Counties Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Citation:
Author(s)
Orians, Gordon and Frank Kuhlman
Pages
371-385
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density pairs/mi^2 Both Male and Female Adult 12-22 pairs (3 study years) southern Green County Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying Feb 5-15 peak period of egg laying Female Adult 11-17 nests (3 study years) southern Green County Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate mean number of fledglings produced per successful nest fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 11-17 nests (3 study years) southern Green County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Ohlendorf, Harry M.
Pages
124-125
Year
Issue
1
Volume
16
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition wolf spider (1), centipede (2), tarantula (3), grasshopper (1), walking stick (2) numbers of prey items in stomach contents Not Reported Adult 1 owl 13 mi NE Fort Davis, Jeff Davis County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Tabaka, Christopher S., Duane E. Ullrey, James G. Sikarskie, Sharon R. DeBar and Pao K. Ku
Pages
187-196
Year
Issue
2
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 115 weight consumed per day on an all chick diet g/d Not Reported Adult 4 owls Exposure Factor Datasets 16.9 SD Laboratory
Food Ingestion Rate 114 weight consumed per day on an all hamster diet g/d Not Reported Adult 4 owls Exposure Factor Datasets 21.4 SD Laboratory
Citation:
Author(s)
Fitzner, R.E.
Pages
9-33
Publisher
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.0 average clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 12 nests Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties Exposure Factor Datasets 0.56
Hatching Success 2.67 average number of young hatched hatches/nest Not Reported Nestling 12 nests Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties Exposure Factor Datasets 1.09
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.67 average number of young fledged fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 12 nests Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties Exposure Factor Datasets 1.09
Population Density range of numbers of nesting pairs counted annually on a 1476 sq km study site pairs/study site Both Male and Female Adult 4 years Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Murphy, Robert K.
Pages
145-149
Year
Issue
3
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition meadow vole and jumping mouse (11.3%), juv. white-tailed jackrabbit (9.4%), horned or eared grebe (5.7%), American coot (22.6%), sora and Virginia rails (3.8%), duck (26.4%), sharp-tailed grouse (9.4%), blackbird (11.3%) relative frequency of prey species occurence in nests Not Reported Nestling 78 nest visits Lostwood National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Longland, William S.
Pages
395-398
Year
Issue
3
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Dipodomys ordii (0.13%), Microtus montanus (0.14%), Perognathus parvus (0.02%), Peromyscus maniculatus (0.50%), Thomomys umbrinus (0.21%) relative proportion of prey species in the diet, based on pellet analysis Female Adult 1 owl Gund Research Ranch, University of Nevada Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Dipodomys ordii (0.11%), Microtus montanus (0.12%), Perognathus parvus (0.03%), Peromyscus maniculatus (0.63%), Thomomys umbrinus (0.10%) relative proportion of prey species in the diet, based on pellet analysis Male Adult 1 owl Gund Research Ranch, University of Nevada Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Earhart, Caroline M., and Ned K. Johnson
Pages
251-264
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean 914.2 (pallascens), 991.7 (pacificus), 1154.3 (occidentalis), 1317.8 (virgianus), 1238.6 (wapacuthu) Body weight means for 5 subspecies g Male Adult 10-26 individuals/subspecies Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 1142.2 (pallascens), 1312.4 (pacificus), 1555.1 (occidentalis), 1768.5 (virgianus), 1556.0 (wapacuthu) body weight means for 5 subspecies g Female Adult 12-29 individuals/subspecies Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:
Author(s)
Daniels, Kathleen and G.E. Duke
Pages
703-706
Year
Volume
66
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error Lab
Inhalation Rate 19.1 mean resting respiratory rate #/min Not Reported Adult 4 Exposure Factor Datasets crippled, non-releasable 3.28 SD Laboratory
Citation:
Author(s)
Pakpahan, Ani M., Jonathon B. Haufler and Harold H. Prince
Pages
1000-1002
Year
Volume
91
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error Lab
Metabolic Rate 0.343 mean standard metabolic rate ml O^2/g bw/hr Female Adult 2 birds Exposure Factor Datasets fasted 0.044 Laboratory
Citation:
Author(s)
Llinas-Gutierrez, Jorge, Gustavo Arnaud and Marcos Acevedo
Pages
140-141
Year
Issue
4
Volume
25
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
Dietary Composition mammals (47.0%), birds (5.2%), reptiles (15.7%), arachnids (8.7%), centipedes (7.0%), insects (16.5%) percent of total numbers of prey items in diet, based on pellet analysis Both Male and Female Adult 2 owls (49 pellets) El Comitan, Baja California Sur Exposure Factor Datasets nesting MEXICO

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus), Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:
Author(s)
Flickinger, Edward L. and Kirke A. King
Pages
706-727
Year
Issue
3
Volume
36
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
ALDRIN, DIELDRIN 6.1 ppm (brain), 10.7 ppm (body remainder) dieldrin, wet wt post-mortem concentrations Not Reported Not Reported 1 bird Toxicity Factor Datasets
ALDRIN, DIELDRIN 6.1 ppm (brain), 10.7 ppm (body remainder) dieldrin, wet wt post-mortem concentrations Not Reported Not Reported 1 bird Toxicity Factor Datasets

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:
Author(s)
James, Paul C., Glen A. Fox and Thomas J. Ethier
Pages
120-123
Year
Issue
4
Volume
24
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
STRYCHNINE no effect proportion of pairs that raised at least 1 young Both Male and Female Adult 27 pr Saskatchewan Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:
Author(s)
Knight, Richard L., Dwight G. Smith and Albert Erickson
Pages
2-8
Year
Volume
63
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.5 young/occupied nest Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Columbia River Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Thomsen, Lise
Pages
177-192
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean 172.0 g Male Not Reported 12 birds Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 168.0 g Female Not Reported 10 birds Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Territory Size 1.98 ac Both Male and Female Adult 6 pairs Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size mean annual productivity young/breeding adult Both Male and Female Adult 18 birds Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 70 % Both Male and Female Juvenile 40 birds Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 19 % Both Male and Female Adult 18 birds Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 18 % Both Male and Female Nestling 40 birds Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Migration or Dispersal Sep, Jan Both Male and Female Juvenile Not Reported Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Molt Jul (begin) Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate proportion of nesting pairs that successfully fledged young (over two years) % Both Male and Female Adult 18 birds Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Trulio, L.A.
Pages
63-64
Year
Issue
1
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Hatching Success 73 percent of pairs hatching at least one chick % Both Male and Female Adult 15 pairs Moffett Air Force Base Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara
Clutch or Litter Size 2.5 mean number of chicks per nest chicks/nest Both Male and Female Adult 11 pairs Moffett Air Force Base Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara
Hatching Success 78 percent of pairs hatching at least one chick % Both Male and Female Adult 9 pairs Shoreline Park Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara
Clutch or Litter Size 3.0 mean number of chicks per nest chicks/nest Both Male and Female Adult 7 pairs Shoreline Park Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara
Citation:
Author(s)
Desmond, Martha J., and Julie A. Savidge
Pages
143-148
Year
Volume
136
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Population Density 5.8 mean density in prairie dog towns of <35 ha owls/ha Not Reported Adult 71 nests west. NE Exposure Factor Datasets 3.6 SE
Citation:
Author(s)
Maser, Chris, E. Wayne Hammer and Stanley H. Anderson
Pages
19-26
Year
Issue
1
Volume
45
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition mammals (85), insects (170), birds (3), spiders (0), reptiles (1) number of prey items found in sample pellets Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 60 pellets Crooked River National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition mammals (28), insects (22) number of prey items found in sample pellets Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 20 pellets Crooked River National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition mammals (414), insects (259), birds (3), spiders (2) number of prey items found in sample pellets Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 228 pellets Crooked River National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition mammals (50), insects (108), birds (1) number of prey items found in sample pellets Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 39 pellets Crooked River National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Earhart, Caroline M., and Ned K. Johnson
Pages
251-264
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean 158.6 body weight g Male Adult 13 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 150.6 body weight g Female Adult 15 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:
Author(s)
Barrows, Cameron W.
Pages
1-10
Year
Issue
1
Volume
20
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Dipodomys sp (8-18%), Perognathus sp (4-29%), insects (53-75%), crayfish (0-9%), reptiles (0-5%), birds (0-1%) frequency of occurence in pellets Both Male and Female Adult 3 burrows Coachella Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Brown, Barbara A., John O. Whitaker, Thomas W. French and Chris Maser
Pages
421-426
Year
Issue
3
Volume
46
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition vertebrates (14.3%), invertebrates (85.7%) percent of diet based on pellet analysis Both Male and Female Adult 150 pellets Malheur county Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Boggs, Dona F. and Delbert L. Kilgore, Jr.
Pages
527-533
Year
Volume
149
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Inhalation Rate 3.27 average resting tidal volume ml BTPS Not Reported Adult 60 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.08 SE Laboratory
Inhalation Rate 39.7 average resting inhalation rate per minute Not Reported Adult 60 Exposure Factor Datasets 1.16 SE Laboratory
Metabolic Rate 4.28 average resting oxygen consumption ml STPD/min Not Reported Adult 60 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.12 SE Laboratory
Citation:
Author(s)
Coulombe, Harry N.
Pages
162-176
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density breeding season density based on roadside censuses birds/mi^2 Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Imperial Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density fall/winter season density based on roadside censuses birds/mi^2 Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Imperial Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Haug, Elizabeth A., Brian A. Millsap and Mark S. Martell
Pages
1-20
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Time of Mating/ Laying review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Dietary Composition review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Time of Molt review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Clutch or Litter Size review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Duration of Incubation or Gestation review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Citation:
Author(s)
Martin, Dennis J.
Pages
446-456
Year
Volume
75
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 78 total number of young observed on study site young/study site Both Male and Female Juvenile 15 pairs Albuquerque Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 4.9 fledglings/pair Both Male and Female Fledgling 15 pairs Albuquerque Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Migration or Dispersal August (begin) Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 15 pairs Albuquerque Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying third week of March (begin) Female Adult 15 pairs Albuquerque Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Desante, D.F., E. Ruhlen, S. Amin, and K.M. Burton
Pages
59
Year
Issue
1
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 925 estimate of number of pairs in census area pairs/43,235 km^2 Both Male and Female Not Reported 198 UTM blocks censused San Francisco Bay and Central Valley areas Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Coulombe, Harry N.
Pages
307-337
Year
Volume
35
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Metabolic Rate 0.95 oxygen consumption in zone of thermoneutrality (at 30.1 degrees, Celsius) cubic cm O2/g/hr Not Reported Adult 16 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.04 Laboratory
Inhalation Rate 25 average breathing rate at ambient temperatures below body temperature breaths/min Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Inhalation Rate 340 breathing rate with heat loading (gular flutter onset) breaths/min Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:
Author(s)
Green, Gregory A and Robert G. Anthony
Pages
347-354
Year
Volume
91
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 50-57% percent of occupied nests that fledged young Both Male and Female Adult 63-76 nests Gilliam, Morrow, and Umatilla counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition arthropods (92%), vertebrates (8%) percent occurrence in diet based on pellet analysis Both Male and Female Not Reported 5,559 pellets Gilliam, Morrow, and Umatilla counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Green, Gregory A., Richard E. Fitzner, Robert G. Anthony and Lee E. Rogers
Pages
88-93
Year
Issue
2
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition vertebrate (86.7%), invertebrate (13.3%) diet composition by percent biomass in pellets Both Male and Female Adult pellets 5,559 Columbia Basin Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Plumpton, David L and R. Scott Lutz
Pages
724-727
Year
Issue
3
Volume
111
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 146 g Male Adult 38 birds Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Area Exposure Factor Datasets 1.9 (SE)
Citation:
Author(s)
Botelho, Eugene S., and Patricia C. Arrowood
Pages
233-240
Year
Issue
3
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Hatching Success 3.5 mean hatching success in artificial burrows eggs hatched/eggs laid Not Reported Juvenile 8 clutches, 66 eggs New Mexico State University Exposure Factor Datasets 2.9 SE

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